|
The Minaret of Jam is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in western Afghanistan. It is located in a remote and nearly inaccessible region of the Shahrak District, Ghor Province, next to the Hari River. The high minaret〔''Ghaznavid and Ghūrid Minarets'', Ralph Pinder-Wilson, Iran, Vol. 39, (2001), 167.〕 was built around 1190 entirely of baked bricks and is famous for its intricate brick, stucco and glazed tile decoration, which consists of alternating bands of kufic and naskhi calligraphy, geometric patterns, and verses from the Qur'an. As of 2013 the minaret remained on the list of World Heritage in Danger, under serious threat of erosion, and was not actively being preserved.〔NATO Channel, Discover Afghanistan - The Minaret of Jam, August 2013, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5F8SREfehZ4〕 In 2014 the BBC reported that the tower was in imminent danger of collapse.〔Afghan historic minaret of Jam 'in danger of collapse', 28 August 2014, By Mohammad Qazizada and Daud Qarizadah, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-28969385〕 ==Site== The circular minaret rests on an octagonal base; it had 2 wooden balconies and was topped by a lantern. Its formal presentation has a striking similarity to the minaret built by Masud III in Ghazni.〔''Ghaznavid and Ghūrid Minarets'', Ralph Pinder-Wilson, Iran, Vol. 39, 169-170.〕 It is thought to have been a direct inspiration for the Qutub Minar in Delhi, which was also built by the Ghurid Dynasty. After the Qutub Minar in Delhi, India, which it inspired, the Minaret of Jam is the second-tallest brick minaret in the world. The Minaret of Jam belongs to a group of around 60 minarets and towers built between the 11th and the 13th centuries in Central Asia, Iran and Afghanistan, ranging from the Kutlug Timur Minaret in Old Urgench (long considered the tallest of these still in existence) to the tower at Ghazni. The minarets are thought to have been built as symbols of Islam's victory, while other towers were simply landmarks or watchtowers. The archaeological landscape around Jam also includes the ruins of a 'palace', fortifications, a pottery kiln and a Jewish cemetery, and has been suggested to be the remains of the lost city of Turquoise Mountain. The archaeological site of Jam was successfully nominated as Afghanistan's first World Heritage site in 2002. It was also inscribed in UNESCO's list of World Heritage in Danger, due to the precarious state of preservation of the minaret, and results of looting at the site. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Minaret of Jam」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|